Select a topic for your Project Two blog post from the Project Two Milestone Topics document, linked in the Prompt section of this assignment in your course. Next, using the Shapiro Library or other sources, identify three primary and two secondary sources to support your blog post. You must address each of the rubric criteria listed below in about 1,000 to 1,200 words total:
Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.
Select a topic from the topics provided and explain why you selected that option.
How technology and cognitive approaches can be used to enhance eyewitness memory
This topic is chosen because eyewitnesses often fail to give an account of the whole occasion as seen at the scene. This is because the human brain is always prone to forgetting and, to some point, can fail to record all the events. Prior to the event, the concentration of the individual is often a distance away. This, therefore, calls for the invention of technology that can help record the whole information and store it safely to be utilized within the court of justice. This technology heightens the enhanced memory of the eyewitness, for they will only be required to elaborate on some specific parts. Additionally, eyewitnesses can easily manipulate evidence because they are often the holders of the evidence, which can help reduce this manipulation. Generally, these technologies will enhance memory techniques for effective, efficient, and legally acceptable means of evidence.
Create an annotated bibliography entry for your first primary source. Sources should be described in your own words for a general audience. Your entry should include a summary of the following:
The problem addressed
The methodology, measurements, and sample
The findings
Conclusions and limitations of the research design
Bild, E., Redman, A., Newman, E. J., Muir, B. R., Tait, D., & Schwarz, N. (2021). Sound and credibility in the virtual court: Low audio quality leads to less favorable evaluations of witnesses and lower weighting of evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 45(5), 481.
Several technology issues have arisen in recent virtual court sessions, causing trial pauses and cognitive disruptions in the analysis of testimony. There have been very few empirical studies regarding how the subjectivity of analyzing material influences trial respondent assessments and judgment choices. According to cognitive strategies studies, the perceived ease or complexity of interpreting data can influence an individual’s choice of assessments, confidence in facts, or how a particular piece of knowledge is valued in making decisions. The theory suggests that even when people face technical difficulties while listening to witness testimony, the struggle in handling evidence will cause people to assess a witness detrimentally, impact their remembrance for important facts, and weigh that evidence less than the final trial rulings.
Participants in the study listened to voice recordings of observers recounting an occurrence, one of which was provided in more excellent audio quality and the other in low-quality sound recording. According to the technique, respondents assessed participants as less convincing, honest, and reputable when they paid attention to respondents providing evidence in low audio recording. As a result of these findings, it was found that sound quality impacts observer impressions and testimony. Audibility quality should be considered in trial procedures since these characteristics might influence conviction results, which indicates the quality of the instrument used to record this information.
Create an annotated bibliography entry for your second primary source. Sources should be described in your own words for a general audience. Your entry should include a summary of the following:
The problem addressed
The methodology, measurements, and sample
The findings
Conclusions and limitations of the research design
Paterson, H. M., Van Golde, C., Devery, C., Cowdery, N., & Kemp, R. (2018). iWitnessed: Capturing contemporaneous accounts to enhance witness evidence. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 29(3), 273-281.
The vast majority of individuals are not continuously on the lookout for assaults and disasters. They are, however, preoccupied with other matters. Crime invisibility exists when individuals are preoccupied with other things and fail to see offenses that should be clear. Observers’ evidence can be compelling in the courtroom and offer vital clues in all cases. The results of this study lead towards a more sophisticated technique of measuring testimony trustworthiness, depending on the focus. Variations or mistakes in observer statements, on the other hand, might undercut the evidence’s potential value, contributing to wrongful convictions. According to studies, time passes soon after an experience. As a result, it is crucial to obtain participant testimonies as quickly as possible after a critical occurrence. However, conducting in-depth questioning only at the site is generally impossible for officers. As a result, tools for memory retention have been developed, allowing observers to document an original statement without such support from the police.
Until recent, the rigidly registering format of such recollection techniques has confined them. To fix this concern, a group of psychologists and lawyers collaborated with the New South Wales Police Force to create iWitnessed, a substantial proof smartphone application. Observers’ reports are collected and preserved by iWitnessed, which also offers details regarding support programs to witnesses and victims. Data can be saved as written, photos, or sound recordings by individuals. This application gives a fresh approach to improving observer recall testimony. Anticipations are that individuals ought to notice odd occurrences, including catastrophes and assaults, may be troublesome whenever observers are preoccupied with other tasks, which is the study’s shortcoming.
Create an annotated bibliography entry for your third primary source. Sources should be described in your own words for a general audience. Your entry should include a summary of the following:
The problem addressed
The methodology, measurements, and sample
The findings
Conclusions and limitations of the research design
Brown, D., Walker, D., & Godden, E. (2021). Tele-forensic interviewing to elicit children’s evidence—Benefits, risks, and practical considerations. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 27(1), 17.
Critical testimonials are likely to face either consciousness or cognitive issues if they get distracted by other activities from the incident. Prospective witnesses’ capacity to detect a violent act, recall things, and recognize the perpetrator in a sequence is hampered by crime blinders or other concentration interruptions. Therefore, Tele-forensic interrogation could be an excellent way to increase the availability of professional investigators for kids being interviewed as evidence in a criminal or juvenile welfare inquiry. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has underlined the importance of having substantial proof processes to fall back on this when conventional direct contact interviews aren’t possible. Therefore, this article discusses the advantages and hazards of tele-FI and a summary of the few types of research that have looked at its usefulness in generating recollection memories both in adults and children, and practical factors which should be considered while arranging an inquiry. Tele-FI seems a promising path for building organizational endurance and conquering issues that might, in other ways, jeopardize the validity of kids’ testimony.
In summary, recent studies indicate that kids’ memory remembering elicited in tele-FIs will probably be quite excellent or superior to all those evoked interaction interviews indirectly. However, research is yet to be undertaken. Investigators ought to be mindful about this strategy, as it can affect their interrogation tactics and interaction with adolescents, potentially resulting in undesirable outcomes.
Compare two of the primary research report articles you selected for your annotated bibliography that use different research methods, and explain why the conclusions each article can draw are different.
According to Peterson et al., 2018, the Iwitness program captures and maintains observers’ testimony while also offering details about support resources to eyewitnesses. Data can be saved as text, photos, or audio recordings by users. Brown et al. 2021, on the other hand, believe that tele-forensic interviews could be an excellent strategy to increase the availability of professional investigators for juveniles who are being interviewed as part of a child welfare inquiry. The publications’ conclusions contrast because one study focuses primarily on minors while another emphasizes all victims. The information from Peterson et al., 2018, is firsthand, whereas the evidence from Brown et al., 2021, is collected through interviews with children, and hence is secondhand.
Compare two secondary sources. Your comparison should be described in your own words for a general audience. Your comparison should include a summary of the following:
The types of research being reported
The level of detail
The intended audience of the publications
Given the clear assertion of broadcasting police crime shows, appealing forensic experts and their white-smocked research lab collaborators solve a case by investigating using high-tech computer-aided assessment of color specimens, fabric particles, and DNA. Quite often, these crimes managed to be solved by customary investigation cops who question victims and witnesses, according to Fisher et al. 2017. According to the study’s findings, observers frequently offer crucial clues in ongoing police operations. These circumstances are outside the jurisdiction of the police, and as a result, they are much more pure fantasy than efficient police investigation techniques. In Tredoux et al. 2021, a meta-analysis was undertaken to see if the development of visual blends influences observers’ array of recognition judgments. There were 23 studies found in the survey, with 56 outcomes and 2276 individuals. The impact of creating combinations on true and false authentication from aimed lineups and erroneous authentication from unintended groupings was investigated.
