ASSIGNMENT
Reply to each reply thoroughly and thoughtfully with 1 source each
Discussion 1
Appropriate data collection is a critical component in obtaining useful data for your research. Using your proposed research topic and research questions, explain your plan for data collection. Discuss potential issues in your data collection plan and your plans to overcome these challenges.
Then, respond to at least two or your classmates’ posts and analyze their plan for data collection. Are their plans appropriate for their research project? Do you have any suggestions for improvement?
Reply 1
Navpreet Multani
Some of the research questions could include:
How could advanced care planning affect people and their experience with end-of-life care?
How might early advanced care planning affect the length of hospital stay?
What kind of barriers could exist during hospitalization with early advanced care planning?
What roles do healthcare providers play during the decision of early advanced care planning?
Why is the timing of early advanced care planning important and why?
The research questions are important as it helps the researcher gather data in order to consider results and support the research analysis during the research paper. Furthermore, collected data is used to examine and create comparisons and contrasts with previous research studies, especially to support or refute it (Tappen, 2016). In addition, I have been gathering data from various research articles including the effect of early advanced care planning (EACP) on individuals, the effect of EACP on hospital stay or barriers, the role of healthcare providers in EACP, and the timing for EACP. Furthermore, challenges that I have been facing regarding the timing of EACP such as when is the correct time to bring up this topic as a healthcare provider to a patient. Additionally, it is fundamental to assure my resources that are valid and credible (Tappen, 2016). Furthermore, a few of my questions are not quantifiable thus constructing a data collection of both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Tappen, R. M. (2016). Advanced Nursing Research. [VitalSource]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284132496/
Discussion 1 Reply 2
Oryan Canon
Research Question: In patients 50 – 70 years old who have undergone CABG, does initiating ambulation during postoperative day one versus keeping the patient on bed rest during postoperative day one decrease length of stay?
My plan for data collection is structured observation, interviews, and physical assessment measures. My research question is testing if ambulation (function) decreases length of stay for the patients. I will be “testing actual performance versus report of performance” using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (Tappen, 2015, p. 238). The physical therapist/nurse/physician who will be ambulating the patient will have specific instructions to ensure each participant follows the same course of mobility training to ambulation. Because a potential issue in observation can be due to lack of guidance or structure, I will overcome this challenge by using structured observation using specific guides and checklists will be done (Tappen, 2015). Another reason for this is to ensure reliability and validity of the data collected.
Patients will be interviewed using a semistructured interview. Semistructured interviews allow the interviewees to have a more elaborated response instead of yes/no response (Tappen, 2015). The questions that are asked in the interview will be semistructured, using open-ended questions as they are specific to the topic, but allow more information to be given to the researcher (Tappen, 2015). For the interviews, the researcher will conduct them, not the physicians/nurses/physical therapists. The reason for this is that it is a possible issue of bias if those ambulating the patients are interviewing them. That is why I plan for the researcher to interview the patients instead of the nurses/physical therapists/physicians. Additionally, during semistructured interviews, the interviewer can write down interpretive comments that can be later assessed by the interviewer (Tappen, 2015). So if the researcher conducts the interview and analyzes the comments, there will be a decrease in the chance of misinterpretation of comments.
Physical assessment measures that will be used are the patient’s vitals and report of pain level prior to ambulation, during ambulation, and post ambulation. Additionally, the researcher will analyze each patient’s chart to view the amount of time each patient was hospitalized for from admission time to discharge time. It is important to collect physical assessment measures for this research because it is more information that can validate the study (Tappen, 2015). A possible challenge in this is that the patients report of pain will differ from patient to patient as each person can tolerate a different level of pain. Pain reports are also qualitative data, but by utilizing the numerical rating scale (NRS) where the patient rates their pain from 1- 10, the data can be classified as quantitative.
References
Tappen, R. M. (2015). Advanced Nursing Research (2nd Ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781284132496
Discussion 2
Watch the interactive video on ethical research from the nurse’s perspective. (Detailed directions on accessing the research interactive scenario are included in the course.) Conducting research with strong ethical principles is a critical component of being an effective nurse researcher. What did you learn from participating in the interactive lessons on ethical principles in research? Are ethics in research clear cut, or do you think there are some gray areas? Explain your answer. How will you ensure that your research is conducted in an ethical manner? What potential challenges might you face?
Reply 1
Lian Canon
Conducting research while honoring ethical principles is crucial in maintaining the well-being of participants and increasing trust in researchers (Tappen, 2015). After participating as the nurse Jan Klein in the interactive video, it is clear that the role of clinical research coordinator (CRC) is vital to any study and holds a lot of responsibility. I learned that by speaking up and discussing concerns with other individuals involved in the study, the CRC is able to uphold and maintain the integrity of the study. Jan Klein was able to set up weekly meetings to endure the whole team was on the same page, including Dr. Sowers the principal investigator, and even though they are all professionals, this will help minimize any discrepancies or misunderstandings. I also learned that CRCs who are veterans, just like new CRCs, should always check online with the correct review board on regulations and guidelines for new studies. That way, any questions the clinical research coordinator has on the new study protocol can get answered.
It is evident that ethics in research are clear cut, but there are individuals who may not be honoring these ethics. I do not believe that there are any gray areas, only questions which need answering and by utilizing the other members or supervisors, then these questions will be answered because clinical trials are very specific. In the interactive video, Jan Klein states that she does not even know what she does not know, so maybe reviewing the regulations and guidelines may give her more insight into clinical trials. By doing this, she is abiding by the ethics-related rules and verifying the trials’ reliability and accuracy (Tappen, 2015). There are other individuals, such as the research integrity officer (RIO) and the integrity review board (IRB), who are in place in the event that the ethical principles are not being honored or ae being ignored. These individuals help ensure that the trials are free of falsifications and other misconduct (Tappen, 2015).
To ensure that my research is conducted in an ethical manner, I will follow the appropriate steps such as applying for approval with the IRB and being honest about the information in the application, in the study, and in the analysis. Challenges that I may face include pressure from others to withhold or falsify information, confidentiality issues, informed consent, and working with vulnerable populations. Pressure from others may cause discomfort within the trial team and because emotions are involved this may create a challenge with continuing to work as a team. Like Jan Klein in the interactive review, I will seek guidance from the IRB and discuss my concerns with the RIO in order to direct me with next steps in the event that I am being pressured (Tappen, 2015). Maintaining participant confidentiality and obtaining informed consent is vital. My study requires the researcher to work with intubated and mechanically ventilated adults in the ICU who are receiving sedation and analgesics. This is a vulnerable population since they are critically ill and cognitively impaired, so obtaining consent will be done with the legal representative of the patient (Tappen, 2015). Overall, it is important that each researcher and clinical trial team members, including myself, understand the ethical principles of research and understand that trials are to seek answers, not seek endorsements of hypotheses/research questions.
References
Tappen, R. M. (2015). Advanced nursing research (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. [VitalSource Bookshelf 10.1.1]. vbk://978-1-284-13249-6
Discussion 2 Reply 2
Caroline Park
I learned that as a nurse, not wanting to lose their job, falling behind on research, upsetting the patient, or even upsetting/building tension with the doctor can be a complicated situation. But we must be honest and truthful. We must be strict, especially when it is a research study dealing with patient care and the effects of health from a treatment plan. We must report inaccurate information, must notify the doctor when something is not right, even if it will harm the research trial. Ethics are pretty clear-cut, and if you feel like you are stuck or not sure, you can always report to your supervisor or notify the appropriate department.
