What substance is manufactured in the skin that plays a role in calcium absorption elsewhere in the body?

The Integumentary System
The two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are dense irregular connective tissue, which makes up the dermis, and 1 , which forms the epidermis. The tough water-repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called

2 . The pigments melanin and 3 contribute to skin color. A localized concentration of melanin is referred to as a 4 .
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________

2. Four protective functions of the skin are
a. ____________________________________________ c. _________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________ d. _________________________________________

3. Using the key choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions.
Key: a. stratum basale d. stratum lucidum g. reticular layer
b. stratum corneum e. stratum spinosum h. epidermis as a whole
c. stratum granulosum f. papillary layer i. dermis as a whole
1. translucent cells in thick skin containing keratin fibrils
2. dead cells
3. dermal layer responsible for fingerprints
4. vascular region
5. major skin area that produces derivatives (nails and hair)
6. epidermal region exhibiting the most rapid cell division
7. scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off
8. mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments
9. has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers
10. location of melanocytes and Merkel cells
11. area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear
12. region of areolar connective tissue

4. Label the skin structures and areas indicated in the accompanying diagram of thin skin. Then, complete the statements that follow.
Subcutaneous
tissue or
(deep pressure receptor)
Stratum
Stratum
Stratum
Stratum
Reticular layer
Blood vessel
Adipose cells
Layers
a. granules extruded from the keratinocytes prevent water loss by diffusion through
the epidermis.
b. Fibers in the dermis are produced by .
c. Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the glands.
d. Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called .
e. A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a .
f. What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin?
g. What cell-to-cell structures hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?
5. What substance is manufactured in the skin that plays a role in calcium absorption elsewhere in the body?
6. List the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin.
7. A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. Define cyanosis.
What does its presence imply?
8. What is a bedsore (decubitus ulcer)?
Why does it occur?
Accessory Organs of the Skin
9. Match the key choices with the appropriate descriptions.
Key: a. arrector pili d. hair follicle g. sweat gland—apocrine
b. cutaneous receptors e. nail h. sweat gland—eccrine
c. hair f. sebaceous glands
1. produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead
2. tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold
3. perspiration glands with a role in temperature control
4. sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues
5. less numerous type of perspiration-producing gland; found mainly in the pubic and
axillary regions
6. found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet
7. primarily dead/keratinized cells
8. specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch, etc.
9. secretes a lubricant for hair and skin
10. “sports” a lunula and a cuticle