Defending Evidence Based Design Selection
Using the attached (this does not have to be a full page, but a minimum of 60 words):
Identify each of the toilet placement strategies suggested.
Decide on the best strategy and discuss the financial cost and budget vs. benefit of this strategy to the company.
Using Evidence-Based Design Principles to Design
Imagine you are the health care administrator who has been reviewing the architect’s recommendations for toilet placement within the new wing of the hospital. The architect has provided you with four toilet placement options: outboard, inboard, same-handed, or nested. It is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each recommendation prior to providing your opinion of the placement to the architects.
Use the following chart to organize your research of evidence-based design principles and the four toilet placements within the new wing of the hospital.
| Evidence-Based Design Principle | Describe in 45 to 90 words the evidence-based design principle for each layout. | Describe in 45 to 90 words the impact on the stakeholder’s experience with each placement (i.e., patients, medical staff, hospital staff, and family/visitors). | Cite at least 1 peer-reviewed, scholarly, or similar references to support each evidence-based design principle. |
| Outboard Layout | An outboard bathroom layout is to place the toilet and sink along the exterior wall (Catanzaro, 2021). Because the restroom is located on an exterior wall, it allows for better sightlines for the nurses to view the patient, increasing safety (Taylor, 2021). | If the outboard design pattern is put on the headwall or bottom wall, it typically gives greater space for the employees (Taylor, 2021). It also provides closer proximity to a patient’s room for caregivers and better vision for the nurse from the nurse’s station (Catanzaro, 2021). Patients can now see how far they have to travel to the restroom, making it easier for them to estimate how much effort it will take. | Catanzaro, I., Bongiovì, G., & Di Maio, P. A. (2022). Analysis of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the EU DEMO Water-Cooled Lithium Lead Central Outboard Blanket Segment under an optimized thermal field. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1356. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358174312_Analysis_of_the_Thermo-Mechanical_Behaviour_of_the_EU_DEMO_Water-Cooled_Lithium_Lead_Central_Outboard_Blanket_Segment_under_an_Optimized_Thermal_Field
Taylor, E., & Hignett, S. (2021). Deep scope: A framework for safe healthcare design. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 7780. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/15/7780/htm |
| Inboard Layout | The idea behind an inboard bathroom is to put the toilet and sink close to the entrance of the room (Bui, 2021). Because the restroom is located inside, the outer wall is left open, allowing for a better glimpse of the outdoors and more space for the family to gather (Bui, 2021). It also provides the patient with a greater degree of seclusion, as well as a reduction in noise from the hallway (Tian, 2021). | This layout type reduces the inconvenience to housekeeping while cleaning the bathroom (Tian, 2021). There is a restricted vision of the patient from the hallway because of the placement of the inlet bathroom design (Bui, 2021). If a patient requires continuous monitoring, including monitoring at a decentralized nurse’s station, this approach isn’t a great fit (Tian, 2021). The distance between the patient’s bed and the restroom may be extended to enhance vision, but doing so increases the risk of the patient tripping and falling. | Bui, V. G., Bui, T. M. T., Hoang, A. T., Nižetić, S., Sakthivel, R., Engel, D., & Hadiyanto, H. (2021). Energy storage onboard zero-emission two-wheelers: Challenges and technical solutions. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47, 101435. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352816331_Energy_storage_onboard_zero-emission_two-wheelers_Challenges_and_technical_solutions
Tian, Z., Qiu, Y., Ma, W., Liu, Y., & Qin, P. On resource pooling technology of highly integrated onboard equipment. In Proc. of SPIE Vol (Vol. 12166, pp. 1216655-1). |
| Same-handed Layout | With this design, the toilet may be placed either outward or inward, allowing for a wide range of configurations (Kapon, 2021). Headwalls are back-to-back when they’re in mirrored rooms. There are claims that this approach reduces medical mistakes, in part because rooms are designed to remain uniform, and in part, because of how an IV is placed, which has a significant impact on the nursing technique (Kelly, 2021). | With the same-handed arrangement, the hallway to the room and the room itself is more visible to the outside world. This allows for a lot of natural light to enter the room (Kapon, 2021). Staff productivity may be boosted by standardizing the rooms because it all is from the same place no matter which room or unit they are in (Kelly, 2021). To avoid wasting time, caregivers should immediately reach for any supply, but this does not mean that medical mistakes or inefficiencies are reduced (Kapon, 2021). One disadvantage is the high expense of this design, while the advantage is the ease with which components may be prefabricated off-site (Kelly, 2021). | Kapon, Y., Saha, A., Duanis-Assaf, T., Stuyver, T., Ziv, A., Metzger, T. & Paltiel, Y. (2021). Evidence for new enantiospecific interaction force in chiral biomolecules. Chem, 7(10), 2787-2799.
Kelly, D., & Pingel, M. J. (2021). Space Use and the Physical Attributes of Acute Care Units: A Quantitative Study. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 19375867211043848. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354585585_Space_Use_and_the_Physical_Attributes_of_Acute_Care_Units_A_Quantitative_Study |
| Nested Layout | Using the nested arrangement, each patient’s room is “nested” between an inboard and an outboard, such that they all share a wall (Zeng, 2021). It is possible to have rooms that are either rectangular or square since the lavatories are placed one after another between both the rooms. Because half of the lavatory is located along an external wall, the architecture of this model increases the difficulty as to how the outside wall will be addressed (Graham, 2021). | With this configuration, the patient is able to maintain privacy while being able to see and be seen by staff and family members, as well as having access to outside views. In addition, since the property is longer, the distance the personnel must go may pose a safety risk and need further assessment (Graham, 2021). There is little acoustic privacy for the patient with this arrangement, and it is possible that entrance to the room is restricted. | Zeng, J., Zhang, W., Chen, J., & Cheng, X. (2022). Evaluation of the Rationality of Urban Park Spatial Layout Based on Disaster Prevention Objective. Open Access Library Journal, 9(3), 1-12. https://www.scirp.org/pdf/oalibj_2022030816321257.pdf
Graham, K. D., Steel, A., & Wardle, J. (2021). Primary Health Care Case Management Through the Lens of Complexity: an Exploratory Study of Naturopathic Practice Using Complexity Science Principles. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357194988_Primary_Health_Care_Case_Management_Through_the_Lens_of_Complexity_an_Exploratory_Study_of_Naturopathic_Practice_Using_Complexity_Science_Principles#:~:text=As%20such%20this%20pilot%20study%20aimed%20to%20investigate,of%20the%20naturopathic%20case%20management%20process%20was%20conducted |
