Address the following points in your essay:
Explain the key phenological stages of the grapevine
Discuss how key phenological stages may be assessed in the field
Discuss the challenge of determining the Eichhorn -Lorenz stage 38 ‘berries, harvest
ripe’ as a phenological stage
Evaluate why it is important to understand phenological development (crop
management, climate change, seasonal weather impacts)
Explain the role of temperatures in development and of thermal time in determining
the appearance of phenological stages
Explain differences among different climate regions and cultivars
Discuss other environmental and management factors that have been shown to
influence the timing of key phenological stages.
Discuss the importance of understanding phenology in the context of climate change
